In medieval Europe, religious plays and market fairs further drove the practical improvement of such devices. Since religious plays often required the presentation of layered scenes of "Heaven and Hell", craftsmen began to add groove designs to wooden pulleys to prevent ropes from slipping. They also increased the number of pulley blocks from a single one to 2-3, further reducing the pulling force through multi-pulley linkage. According to the 15th-century French manuscript Manuscript on Theatrical Equipment, the hoisting device in the theater attached to Notre-Dame de Paris at that time could, with the cooperation of 3 sets of pulleys, allow a single worker to easily pull a 50-kilogram wooden statue prop. Moreover, the lifting speed could be freely controlled by adjusting the strength of rope pulling. This improved device was not only widely used in religious plays but also applied to acrobatic performances at market fairs, becoming a highly representative hoisting tool in early stage machinery.
The wave of the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century injected crucial impetus into the technological maturation of stage Manual Chain Hand Hoist. With breakthroughs in mechanical manufacturing technology, high-strength materials such as cast iron and steel gradually replaced traditional wood, and the precision of the gear transmission system was also significantly improved. In 1872, German mechanical manufacturers optimized the core structure of industrial Manual Chain Hand Hoist (including sprockets, chains, gearboxes, and braking devices) for the first time and launched a "lightweight hand chain hoist" specifically designed for stage scenarios. This new type of hoist adopted an 8-millimeter-diameter manganese steel chain and had a load-bearing capacity of up to 500 kilograms. Meanwhile, a worm drive structure was added to the gearbox, increasing the force arm ratio of manual pulling to 1:30. Operators only needed to apply a pulling force of 15 kilograms to easily lift and lower 200-kilogram stage props. More importantly, its built-in ratchet braking device could achieve "instant locking" - once the handle was stopped being pulled, the hook would be firmly fixed in place, completely solving the safety hazard of "easy slipping" in traditional devices.
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